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Definition:
An electrical device that transfers energy from primary to secondary distribution systems by stepping down voltage levels (typically 10kV-35kV to 100V-1kV) for safe end-user consumption.
Key Role:
Ensures stable, efficient power distribution across residential, commercial, and industrial networks.
Feature | Technical Specification | Benefit |
Three-Phase Design | 3 primary + 3 secondary windings | Balanced load distribution for industrial/commercial 3-phase power systems |
High Efficiency | >98% efficiency (IEC 60076 standards) | Minimizes energy losses, reduces operational costs |
Voltage Regulation | ±2.5% output voltage stability | Protects sensitive equipment from fluctuations |
Compact Construction | Pole-mounted (≤500kVA) or pad-mounted (≤2.5MVA) options | Space-saving installation in urban/substation environments |
Safety Compliance | Meets IEC/ANSI/GB standards for fire resistance (F-class insulation) and short-circuit proof | Ensures reliable operation in diverse conditions |
Load Adaptability | 150% short-term overload capacity | Handles peak demand surges without failure |
Function: Steps down to 120V/230V for households
Use Cases:
Powering lighting, appliances, HVAC
Suburban pole-mounted units (50kVA-300kVA)
Function: Supplies 208V/400V for mixed loads
Use Cases:
Shopping malls (500kVA+ oil-immersed)
Hospitals (cast-resin for fire safety)
Function: Delivers 480V/690V for heavy machinery
Use Cases:
Factory production lines (2.5MVA+ with ONAN cooling)
Mining operations (explosion-proof designs)
Function: Powers public utilities
Use Cases:
Street lighting (25kVA pole-top)
Railway signaling (100kVA with ±5% voltage adjustment)
Function: Grid integration of solar/wind power
Use Cases:
Solar farm step-up (33kV/0.8kV, 1.6MVA)
Wind turbine pad-mounted (66kV/11kV, 5MVA)
Materials: Grain-oriented silicon steel (CRGO) cores for ≤1.0W/kg losses
Cooling: ONAN (oil) for ≤1MVA, OFAF (forced air) for higher capacities
Smart Features: Optional IoT sensors for real-time load monitoring
Region | Standard | Key Requirement |
International | IEC 60076 | Temperature rise ≤65K (oil) / ≤80K (dry) |
North America | ANSI C57.12.00 | 2.0 p.u. short-circuit withstand |
EU | EN 50588 | Tier 3 energy efficiency (2025 mandate) |
China | GB 20052 | 1st class efficiency (NX1) certification |
Cost Savings: High-efficiency models reduce lifetime OPEX by 20-30%
Reliability: <0.5% failure rate in first 10 years (industry benchmark)
Future-Proofing: Compatible with smart grid upgrades